Nonmetals

In this post we are learning about metals and non metals and its characteristics.We find a list of metals explained in the periodic table.Nonmetals are elements group usually  considered to consist of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and selenium.


Properties of Non metals:
 
Nonmetals have high ionization energies and electro negativities. They are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity. Solid nonmetals are generally brittle, with little or no metallic luster. Most nonmetals have the ability to gain electrons easily. Nonmetals display a wide range of chemical properties and reactivities.

 

List of the common properties which we find in a non metals.

• High ionization energies
• High electronegativities
• Poor thermal conductors
• Poor electrical conductors
• Brittle solids
• Little or no metallic luster
• Gain electrons easily 

Some examples of non metals are brass, Aluminum, copper, etc. I hope this post was useful. Send in your comments and suggestions .

Types of Natural Resources

So, lets learn about types of natural resources in this post. As, we all know natural resources means the resources which are found on earth naturally or simple words given by mother nature. Natural resources can be broadly classified as renewable or non renewable resources.

Publish Post

1) Renewable Resources
2) Non Renewable Resources.

Water, air, trees, metal ores, land, oil, wildlife, etc. are all examples of natural resources. Water and trees are renewable resources, meaning that we can always replenish our water supply. Oil, metal are non renewable resources which cannot be reproduced , grown or generated.Please look into my future posts for more online science help.I hope this one for useful.

Dicot Plants

For help in science you can always refer my posts.In this post we will learn about dicot plants and its characteristics. Dicot plants differ in structures of their seeds, foliage and flowers, from the monocotyledons. Let's study the characteristics of dicot plants in detail.

 

Seed
The most important difference between the monocots and dicots is the number of embryonic leaves, or cotyledons. There are two cotyledons in the seeds of dicot plants that actually emerge above the soil, when the seed germinates. They then turn green and form the first two leaves of the new plant.

Leaves
The leaves of the dicot plants have veins that form a branched pattern, unlike monocots, in which they run parallel. The veins are actually netted or webbed on the whole surface of the leaf, in dicot plants.

Vascular Structure
The stems of dicot plants have vascular bundles, consisting of two structures, the xylem and the phloem.

Flowers
The flower parts of dicot plants are usually present in fours or fives. Sometimes, they are found in multiples of either numbers. These flower parts include petals, sepals and pistils, or the reproductive parts of the plant.

Roots
The dicot root are often fibrous and branched.

Some good examples of dicot plants are potatoes, tomatoes,beans etc.

Define Photosynthesis

We have all topics covered in this blog for science online help.In this post we will define Photosynthesis and also learn the process involved in Photosynthesis.Sunlight plays a important role.All the food we eat and all the fossil fuel we use is a product of photosynthesis, which is the process that converts energy in sunlight to chemical forms of energy that can be used by biological systems. Photosynthesis is carried out by many different organisms, ranging from plants to bacteria.

In this post we will learnt why is photosynthesis important and the role it plays in plants.So, we know that photosynthesis is a very important process for mankind and its existence. We will also learn about the products in detail in futures posts.

Dairy Milk Production

In this post we will learn about dairy milk production. Dairy production is a topic covered under general science for grade 6.Milk is the source of all the nutrients  for the young cow. The gestation period for a  female cow is 9 months. Shortly before calving, milk is secreted into the udder in preparation for the new born. At parturition, fluid from the mammary gland known as colostrum is secreted. Its similar to human cow milking at times.This yellowish colored, salty liquid has a very high serum protein content and provides antibodies to help protect the newborn until its own immune system is established. Within 72 hours, the composition of colostrum returns to that of fresh milk, allowing to be used in the food supply.

The period of lactation, or milk production, then continues for an average of 305 days, producing as much as 9000 or more kg of milk. This is quite a large amount considering the calf only needs about 1000 kg for growth.
Within the lactation, the highest yield is 2-3 months post- parturition, yielding 40-50 L/day. Within the milking lifetime, a cow reaches a peak in production about her third lactation, but can be kept in production for 5-6 lactations if the yield is still good.

Blood Circulation in Human Body

Blood can be defined as specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells. We have the blood groups explained below.

As we all know the ABO method is the system that is used to determine a person's blood type

A Group: A person who has antigens A

B Group: A person who has antigens covering the blood cells.

O Group: A person who has none of the antigens will belong to O blood group.

AB Group: A person with both the antigens will belong to the AB blood group. 

The blood circulation in the human body is shown in the above diagram .Human circulatory system has a two-part system and the  purpose is to bring oxygen-bearing blood and sent to  the tissues of the body. When the heart contracts it pushes the blood out forcing it into two major loops or cycles. In the systemic loop, the blood circulates into the body’s systems, bringing oxygen to all its organs, structures and tissues and collecting carbon dioxide waste. In the pulmonary loop, the blood circulates to and from the lungs, to release the carbon dioxide and pick up new oxygen. The systemic cycle is controlled and maintained by the left side of the heart, which is the pulmonary cycle by the right side of the heart.

Rhizobium Bacteria

Nitrogen (N) is an very essential component which forms the building blocks of life. All living organisms require nitrogen to live and grow.We will try to learn about the nitrogen uses in daily life.Majority of the air which we breathe is N₂, most of the nitrogen in the atmosphere is unavailable for use by organisms.

The Rhizobia bacteria are a group of soil based microorganisms which establish symbiotic relationships with legumes. These SBO's form nodules on the roots of the legumes and provide nitrogen to the plants. In return, the plants provide carbon and energy for the SBO's.Nitrogen is vital for plant growth. It is abundant in the atmosphere and in soil organic matter, but not in a form that plants can use. Conventional methods of providing nitrogen to plants include 

(1) adding nitrogen fertilizers to the soil,

(2) inoculating (coating) seed  with nitrogen fixing bacteria. 

Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to an inorganic form that is useable by plants.  In addition, the provide residual nitrogen, in the soil, which can reduce or eliminate nitrogen fertilizer requirements for the next growing season. 

Blood Groups Explained

In this post we will learn about the blood and its groups.

Blood can be defined as specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells. We have the blood groups explained below.

The ABO System:

As we all know the ABO method is the system that is used to determine a person's blood type
A Group: A person who has antigens A
B Group: A person who has antigens covering the blood cells.
O Group: A person who has none of the antigens will belong to O blood group.
AB Group: A person with both the antigens will belong to the AB blood group.

Blood groups are inherited from the parents of the individual and the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) recognizes around 30 blood group systems.We can also find the rare blood types list and the ways to identify.

The importance of the antigens comes into wit during the walk of blood introduction. People with identify A blood typewrite module also eff antibodies against typewrite B antigens, and evilness versa. These two antigens cannot co-exist if their various anti-bodies are talk in the anthropomorphic body. Type O gore radical has antibodies against A antigens as healthy as B antigens and write AB execution aggroup has no antibodies at all.

Polythene

Polyethylene or  polythene is a thermoplastic commodity heavily used in consumer products. Polythene is a very important component . Lets understand the properties of polythene and the polythene pollution and its effects.

• It has a melting point of 115 degree celscius.
• Polythene has low crystallinity (50-60% crystalline). Main chain contains many side chains of 2-4 carbon atoms leading to irregular packing and low crystallinity (amorphous)
• It is more flexible than HDPE due to lower crystallinity
• Polythene retains toughness & pliabilty over a wide temperature range, but density drops off dramatically above room temperature.
• Good transparency since it is more amorphous

Effects of Water Pollution

The effects of water pollution depend on chemicals that  are dumped and in what locations. We have one of the strong example, that is Boston Harborof how badly pollution can damage bodies of water.  The water is filled with toxic waste and sewage, and routinely receives more waste when rainfall pushes it into the harbor. Many bodies of water near urban areas are highly polluted.

This is the result of   garbage dumped by individuals and dangerous chemicals legally or illegally dumped by industries. The main problem caused by water pollution is it kills the living beings that inhabit water-based ecosystems.  Dead fish, birds, dolphins, and many other animals often wind up on beaches, killed by pollutants in their habitat. Pollution disrupts the natural food chain as well. find below pictures of water pollution and its effects.

Pollutants such as lead and cadmium are eaten by tiny animals.  Later, these animals are consumed by fish and shellfish, and the food chain continues to be disrupted at all higher levels. Eventually, humans are affected by this process as well.  People can get diseases such as hepatitis by eating seafood that has been poisoned. Ecosystems can be severely changed or destroyed by water pollution.  Many areas are now being affected by careless human pollution, and this pollution is coming back to hurt humans.

Properties of Oxygen

The properties of element typically relate to element in its volatilized mold, though additional forms do subsist. Element normally exists in a diatomic, aeriform make; that is, two element atoms are confine together and subsist as a gas. At especially gear pressures, gas can be thin to liquidity and worthy forms; this is extraordinary, withal, and seldom occurs in nature.In this post we are learning about the properties of Oxygen and its significance.

Diatomic element, also notable as molecular element, is faded and odorless. It is thing to umteen processes that occur in experience creatures, specifically cancellous metastasis.Allotropy is one of the situation can be sorbed to state molecules. Diatomic gas, oxygen molecule O2, is the most informal allotrope, and O3, ozone, is another frothy shape of oxygen that is highly unstable and is rich in earth's air. O4 and O1 are both relatively explosive allotropes of oxygen; O1 atoms, in particular, are known as discharged radicals and are extremely excited. Solidified gas can exist in numerous antithetical forms specified as O8.

There are some antithetic chemical compounds that hold oxygen atoms. Liquid, with the chemical formula H2O, is belike that locomote it its mellow sensibility and knowledge to alter compounds. It is, for monition, highly electronegative, significance that it is competent to pull electrons to itself. Chemical attachment occurs when electrons are transferred or common, so towering electronegativity mostly leads to commanding sensitiveness.

The Plant Kingdom

In this post we will learn about the plant kingdom  and the various stages involved. Any member which is a part of the kingdom plantae, multicellular, eukaryotic life forms characterized by (1) Includes steps of photosynthesis  in which chemical energy is produced from water, minerals, and carbon dioxide by the aid of pigments and the radiant energy of the Sun. (2) There is essentially unlimited growth at localized regions. (3) The Cells that contain cellulose in their walls and they are therefore to some extent rigid. (4) The absence of organs of locomotion, which results in a more or less stationary existence. (5) The absence of sensory and nervous systems. (6) The life histories that show an alteration of haploid and diploid generations, with which the dominance of one over the other being taxonomically significant.…

Respiration Process

In this post we will learn about the respiration process with a neat diagram explaining the process.Lets first define respiration and then understand the process.

Respiration is the metabolous processes whereby indisputable organisms obtain energy from nonsynthetic molecules; processes that stomach property in the cells and tissues during which spirit is free and element pollutant is produced and rapt by the murder to be transported to the lungs


In physiology, respiration process (often incorrect with ventilation) is delimited as the instrumentality of element from the external air to the cells within tissues, and the transport of paper gas in the word substance. This is in counterpoint to the biochemical definition of metastasis, which refers to alveolate metastasis: the metabolous affect by which an being obtains vim by reacting element with glucose to use irrigate, paper bleach and ATP (vitality). 

Tho' physical metabolism is needful to maintain multicellular activity and thusly beingness in animals, the processes are trenchant: cellular respiration takes area in respective cells of the being, piece physiologic ventilation concerns the mortal dispersion is comfortable for gas commercialism: every cadre is constantly bathed in the outer environs, with exclusive a squatty indifference for gases to flowing crosswise. In contrast, knotty multicellular animals such as humans hit a overmuch greater interval between the surroundings and their innermost cells, thus, a respiratory scheme is needed for competent gas exchange. The respiratory system works in concert with a circulatory system to displace gases to and from the tissues.

Properties of Magnets

There are various properties of magnets. It is a celebrated fact that magnet has two poles, viz., northeastern and southward. But, interestingly what is not glorious is that these two poles acquire been appointed other properties, especially in human of therapeutic. Since ages, magnet is wise as an opulently therapeutic marrow.

Magnet not only moves and performs miraculous tricks in children`s toys, helps profession in pick out base coins but also forms an indispensable element of loud-speakers, motors, calculators, computers, radios, scooters, etc. But one of the most radical feats of the magnet relic as its inner construct to regard the living paper and bring some more sensual and chemical changes in the body. In magnets bar magnet is widely used and has wide applications.

Important Properties of Magnets:
1) Attractive Property: A magnet attracts magnetic substances suchlike irons, brace etc. This dimension is utilized to disjunct metal from a intermixture, to take shackle filings from the eye etc.

Food chain

The source of all food is the activity of autotrophs, mainly products of photosynthesis by plants.

• They are called producers because only they can manufacture food from inorganic raw materials.
• This food feeds herbivores, called primary consumers.
• Carnivores that feed on herbivores are called secondary consumers.
• Carnivores that feed on other carnivores are tertiary (or higher) consumers. Find below food chain pictures which give us the exact picture of how food chain works.

Such a path of food consumption is called a food chain.Each level of consumption in a food chain is called a trophic level. I hope this post was very useful for kids learning about food chain.Please send in your comments and suggestions to improve.

Types of Food

What is food??  
Food can be defined as anything under earth which is eaten by living organisms to provide nutritional support for the body or for pleasure. Life cannot exist without food. 

Food performs three functions in our bodies, namely:
a) it serves as building blocks
b) it provides energy
c) it provides protection
 
There are various types of food , which can be categorized based on taste, countries, availability and so on.
Broadly we classify food as 

Vegetarian food: Vegetarianism is the practice of following a plant-based diet including fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, nuts, and seeds, mushrooms.

Non – Vegetarian food: 1. Food is obtained partly or wholly from a living animal.
2. The animal is deliberately killed even it could most likely survive.

Food differs from place to place depending on the culture, tradition and the availability. For example we have sea food for coastal areas which includes lot of marine fish, desert food which includes meat and so on. 

We will learn more about food chain and its structure in future blogs.

Digestive System

The human digestive system is a complex series of organs and glands that processes food. There are various types of food which our body can intake.In order to use the food we eat, our body has to break the food down into smaller molecules that it can process; it also has to excrete waste. Find below the digestive system diagram which will help us understand the organs and its functions.



The Digestive Process:

The start of the process - the mouth: The digestive process begins in the mouth.


On the way to the stomach: the esophagus - After being chewed and swallowed, the food enters the esophagus. The esophagus is a long tube that runs from the mouth to the stomach.


In the stomach - The stomach is a large, sack-like organ that churns the food and bathes it in a very strong acid (gastric acid).


In the small intestine - After being in the stomach, food enters the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.



In the large intestine - After passing through the small intestine, food passes into the large intestine.In the large intestine, some of the water and electrolytes (chemicals like sodium) are removed from the food.

Types of Pollution

In this post we will learn about pollution, definition of pollution, and the different types of pollution.

Pollution is when human activity or natural disasters cause the environment to become contaminated or dirty.

There are various types of pollution which is affecting us globally.

1)    Air Pollution

2)    Water Pollution

3)    Light pollution

4)    Land Pollution

5)    Noise pollution

Air Pollution: The burning of petroleum products is a very common cause of air pollution, especially in metropolitan areas.

Other man-made causes of air pollution include smokestack emissions from factories and power plants. There are different types of air pollution like green house effect , smog, ozone etc.

Water Pollution: One major cause of water pollution that has caused serious environmental and health problems are the pollutants coming from chemical and industrial processes.

Another cause of water pollution is from pesticides.

Light Pollution: Unnecessary, or excessive, or badly designed, or badly installed exterior lights that permit light to go upwards are causes of light pollution.

    Noise Pollution: The causes of noise pollution in general are obvious-  construction    sites, highway vehicle traffic, industrial companies, air traffic, rail traffic, and others.

Land Pollution: Land pollution is caused due to chemical and industrial processes.

Cross section of a Hibiscus Flower

Flower as we all know is the most attractive and important structure of a plant.

In this post we are learning the cross section of a hibiscus flower and also we will understand the parts of this flower and their function.

The basic parts of a hibiscus flower are petals, stigma, style, ovary, ovule, receptacle, flower stalk, nectary, sepal, filament, and anther.As we know flower is considered the reproductive structure which helps in fertilisation yielding fruits and future seeds.

We have already understood the functions of each of the parts in our previous posts. We will learn more fertilization in future posts.

Parts of a Flower

 
Flower is a very important part of a plant. It is a reproductive structure found in flowering plants. In this post we are learning the parts of a flower and their functions.

Parts of a flower are petals, stigma, style, ovary, ovule, receptacle, flower stalk, nectary, sepal, filament, and anther.

         Petal: The colorful, often bright part of the flower. They generally attract insects into the flower.

         Stigma: Is covered in a sticky substance that the pollen grains will adhere to.

         Style: The style raises the stigma away from the Ovary to decrease the likelihood of pollen contamination. It varies in length.

         Ovary: This protects the ovule and once fertilisation has taken place it will become the fruit.

         Ovule: The Ovule is like the egg in animals and once fertilisation has taken place will become the seed.

         Receptacle: This is the flower's attachment to the stalk and in some cases becomes part of the fruit after fertilisation e.g. strawberry.

        We will learn more about flower and its parts in future posts.